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Table 4 Pulping results and strength properties of hand-sheets obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus okra stalks

From: Application of soda-AQ pulping to agricultural waste (okra stalks) from Sudan

Pulping Process

 

15% Soda-AQ

18% Soda-AQ

21% Soda-AQ

Pulping results

 Kappa number

 

29.6

27.8

22.2

 ISO brightness, %

 

19.6

20.4

22.3

 Viscosity, ml g−1

 

1010

1045

1065

Strength properties

 Initial pulp freeness,

SR

   

 Apparent density, g cm−3

25

0.52

0.61

0.61

50

0.62

0.65

0.67

 Breaking length, Km

25

7.5

8.1

8.1

50

8.1

8.3

8.5

 Tensile index, N m g−1

25

40.1

43.2

45.3

50

60.2

61.4

63.1

 Tear index,, m N m2 g−1

25

7.8

7.4

7.2

50

5.6

5.6

5.7

 Burst index, K Pa m2 g−1

25

2.2

2.1

2.3

50

3.6

3.9

3.7

 Folding endurance, log10n

25

06

0.9

0.9

50

1

1

1.1