Table 5 FTIR analysis of lipids from various microorganisms
Method | Microorganisms | Sample preparation | Compound detection and/or quantification | Correlation with method | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Micro- FTIR | Microcystis aeruginosa, Croococcus minutus, Nostoc sp., Cyclotella meneghiniana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum | Cell suspensions dried in the presence of ZnSe crystals for 30 min at 40 °C ± 0.5 °C; dried cells were used for spectral analysis | IR absorption and molecular vibrational modes for the identification and quantification of macromolecules | – | Detection of macromolecules during growth under different nutrient-limited condition | [108] |
FTIR | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus subspicatus | Oven-dried cells at 40 °C for 30 min | Lipids carbohydrates and proteins | Effectiveness of FTIR was correlated with fluorescence spectrometer | Accumulation of lipids under nitrogen limitation can be detected at various growth phases of microorganisms | [109] |
FTIR | Chlamydomonas concordia (PLY 491), Chlamydomonas debaryana (CCAP 11/70), C. reinhardtii (CCAP 1132C), Chlorella luteoviridis (CCAP 211/3), Chlorella vulgaris (CCAP 211/79), Desmodesmus intermedius (CCAP 258/38), Dunaliella tertiolecta (PLY 83), Hindakia tetrachotoma (CCAP 222/81) and Parachlorella kessleri (CCAP 211/11G) and two marine C. concordia and D. teriolecta, | Whole cells in 96-well silicon microplate | Lipids | FTIR data were exported in MATLAB and normalized using extended multiplicative scatter correction type two method (EMSC2) | Ability of FTIR spectroscopy to effectively differentiate closely related eukaryotic microalgae grown under different environmental conditions | [110] |
FTIR | Mucor circinelloides and Mortierella alpina | Lipid extraction by Folch and Bligh & Lewis methods | Evaluation and monitoring of lipid extraction efficiency | Lipids were quantified by gravimetric analysis and FAME was quantified by GC FID | Identify compounds (e.g., polyphosphates) that have negative effect on the lipid extraction process | [107] |
FTIR attenuated total reflectance | Nannochloropsis sp. (CCAP 211/78) | Freeze-dried biomass | Biomass (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) composition | Conventional methods for the verification of FTIR data | Monitor biochemical composition during typical growth experiments | [111] |
FTIR | Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae HIMPA1 | Crude lipids extracted by Bligh & Dyer method | TAGs | Â | Transmittance spectra similar to triolein | [74] |