From: Advances in mechanochemical processes for biomass valorization
Catalyst | Biomass template | Preparation method | Equipment | Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Porous ZnO nanomaterials | Polysaccharides | Ball milling of zinc nitrate and polysaccharide at 350 rpm for 10 min, followed by calcination in air at 400 °C for 4 h. | Retsch-PM-100 planetary ball mill | Photocatalytic phenol degradation | [41] |
N-doped carbon | Lignin | Milling the carbonization of lignin, urea and potassium carbonate for 30 min; then carbonization at 800 °C. | Fritsch Pulverisette 7 premium line planetary ball mill | Cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries | [36] |
N-doped carbon | Sawdust | Sawdust melamine and/or urea and K2CO3 were milled for 30 min in a zirconia vessel. Then the obtained polymers were carbonized at 800 °C. | Fritsch Pulverisette 7 premium line planetary ball mill | Supercapacitors | [37] |