Table 1 Technology options available for performing the tasks listed in the three separation stages. Abbreviations for the technologies are shown in parentheses
Tasks | Technologies |
|---|---|
Pretreatment | Flocculation (Flc) |
Cell removal and product isolation | Sedimentation (Sdm), filtration (Ftt), centrifugation (Cnt), flotation (Flt), membranes (Mbr- MF [microfiltration], UF [ultrafiltration], and RO [reverse osmosis]) |
Phase isolation (product rich phase formation) | Differential digestion (Ddg), solubilization (Slb) |
Concentration | Extraction (Ext), aqueous two phase extraction (Atpe), evaporation (Evp), precipitation (Prc), sedimentation (Sdm), filtration (Ftt), centrifugation (Cnt), membranes (MF, UF, NF (nanofiltration), RO), distillation (Dst) |
Purification & refinement | Adsorption (Ads), chromatography (Chr), crystallization (Crs), pervaporation (Pvp), membranes (Mbr-MF, UF, NF, RO), Drying (Dry), bleaching (Blc) |