Table 7 Raman spectroscopic methods
Method | Microorganisms | Sample preparation | Compound detection and quantification | Correlation with method | Excitation wavelegth (nm), resolution (cm−1) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raman micro-spectroscopy | Haematococcus pluvialis mutant | Culture cells were immobilized in agarose | Total lipids, astaxanthin; Qualitative | – | 532, n/a | [141] |
CRS | Thalassiosira pseudonana | Culture cells | TAGs, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; Quantitative | GC | 785, n/a | [142] |
NIR Raman spectroscopy | Chlorella vulgaris | Culture cells, fresh and lyophilized | Total lipids; Quantitative | – | 1064, n/a | [140] |
Raman micro-spectroscopy integrated with MS | Euglena gracilis, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Culture cells | Total lipids; Quantitative | – | 532, n/a | [148] |
Single-cell Raman miscro-spectroscopy | Fistulifera solaris | Immobilized cells on agarose | Unsaturation degree; Quantitative | GC/MS | 532, n/a | [147] |
Single-cell LTRS | Botryococcus braunii, Neochloris oleoabundans, C. reinhardtii | Culture cells | Unsaturation degree; Quantitative | – | 785, n/a | [153] |
CARS | Phaenodactylum tricornutum | Culture cells | Lipids and unsaturation degree; Quantitative | GC/MS | 532, n/a | [151] |
Raman micro-spectroscopy | 6 Mortierella species | Culture cells | Unsaturation degree; Quantitative | GC | 532, 8 | [144] |
Multiplex stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (SRS) | B. braunii | Culture cells | Total lipids, pigments, proteins; Quantitative | – | n/a, 33 | [149] |
Confocal Raman spectroscopy and microscopy | Chlorella sorokiniana, N. oleoabundans | Culture cells | TAGs, carotenoids, chlorophyll; Qualitative | – | 532, 2.4 | [139] |
Single-cell Raman spectroscopy | Chlamydomonas sp. | Culture cells | Lipid/starch content; Quantitative | GC/MS | 532, 6 | [101] |
Single-cell Raman micro-spectroscopy | Nannochloropsis oceanica | Culture cells | TAGs; Quantitative | LC/MS | 532, 2 | [146] |
Confocal Raman microscopy | C. reinhardtii | Culture cells | Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; Quantitative | LC/MS | 532, 3 | [143] |
CARS scattering microscopy | Monoraphidium neglectum | Culture cells | Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition; Quantitative | GC/MS, gravimetric | n/a | [152] |
Raman micro-spectroscopy | Botryococcus sudeticus, Chlamydomonas sp., Trachydiscus minutus | Culture cells | Unsaturation degree; Qualitative | GC/MS | 785, n/a | [145] |
Raman spectroscopy | B. braunii | Culture cells | Lipids; Qualitative | – |  | [138] |
CARS and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy | Coccomyxa subellipsoidea | Culture cells | Lipids; Qualitative | – | 514, n/a | [150] |